Ukupholisa i-Peltier (ubuchwepheshe bokupholisa i-thermoelectric obusekelwe kumphumela we-Peltier) sekungenye yezindlela zobuchwepheshe eziyinhloko zesistimu yokulawula izinga lokushisa yezinsimbi ze-PCR (polymerase chain reaction) ngenxa yokusabela kwayo okusheshayo, ukulawula izinga lokushisa okunembile, kanye nosayizi omncane, okuthonya kakhulu ukusebenza kahle, ukunemba, kanye nezimo zokusetshenziswa kwe-PCR. Okulandelayo ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwezicelo ezithile kanye nezinzuzo zokupholisa i-thermoelectric (ukupholisa i-peltier) kusukela ezidingweni eziyinhloko ze-PCR:
I. Izidingo Eziyinhloko Zokulawula Izinga Lokushisa Kubuchwepheshe be-PCR
Inqubo eyinhloko ye-PCR umjikelezo ophindaphindayo wokushintshashintsha kwesimo sezulu (90-95℃), ukuqinisa (50-60℃), kanye nokwelulwa (72℃), okunezidingo eziqinile kakhulu zesistimu yokulawula izinga lokushisa.
Ukwenyuka nokwehla kwezinga lokushisa okusheshayo: Fushanisa isikhathi somjikelezo owodwa (isibonelo, kuthatha imizuzwana embalwa kuphela ukwehla kusuka ku-95℃ kuya ku-55℃), futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokusabela;
Ukulawula izinga lokushisa okunembe kakhulu: Ukuphambuka kuka-±0.5℃ ekushiseni okune-annealing kungaholela ekukhulisweni okungaqondile, futhi kufanele kulawulwe ngaphakathi kuka-±0.1℃.
Ukufana kwezinga lokushisa: Uma amasampula amaningi esabela ngesikhathi esisodwa, umehluko wokushisa phakathi kwe-sample Wells kufanele ube yi-≤0.5℃ ukuze kugwenywe ukuphambuka kwemiphumela.
Ukulungiswa kwe-Miniaturization: I-PCR ephathekayo (njengezimo ze-POCT zokuhlola endaweni) kufanele ibe yincane ngobukhulu futhi ingabi nezingxenye zokuguguleka kwemishini.
II. Ukusetshenziswa Okuyinhloko Kokupholisa Kwe-thermoelectric ku-PCR
I-thermoelectric Cooler TEC, i-Thermoelectric cooling module, i-peltier module ifinyelela "ekushintsheni kokushisa nokupholisa okubili" ngokusebenzisa i-direct current, ifanelana kahle nezidingo zokulawula izinga lokushisa ze-PCR. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo okukhethekile kubonakala kulezi zici ezilandelayo:
1. Ukwenyuka nokwehla kwezinga lokushisa okusheshayo: Fushanisa isikhathi sokuphendula
Isimiso: Ngokushintsha indlela yamanje, imodyuli ye-TEC, imodyuli ye-thermoelectric, idivayisi ye-peltier ingashintsha ngokushesha phakathi "kokushisa" (lapho ugesi ubheke phambili, ukuphela okumunca ukushisa kwemodyuli ye-TEC, imodyuli ye-peltier iba ukuphela okukhipha ukushisa) kanye "nokupholisa" (lapho ugesi uphendukela emuva, ukuphela okukhipha ukushisa kuba ukuphela okumunca ukushisa), ngesikhathi sokuphendula ngokuvamile singaphansi komzuzwana owodwa.
Izinzuzo: Izindlela zendabuko zokuqandisa (njengamafeni nama-compressor) zithembele ekuqhutshweni kokushisa noma ekunyakazeni kwemishini, kanti amazinga okushisa nokupholisa ngokuvamile angaphansi kuka-2℃/s. Uma i-TEC ihlanganiswa namabhulokhi ensimbi okushisa aphezulu (njengethusi ne-aluminium alloy), ingafinyelela izinga lokushisa nokupholisa elingu-5-10℃/s, kunciphisa isikhathi somjikelezo we-PCR eyodwa kusukela kumaminithi angu-30 kuya ngaphansi kwemizuzu eyi-10 (njengasezintweni ze-PCR ezisheshayo).
2. Ukulawula izinga lokushisa ngokunemba okuphezulu: Ukuqinisekisa ukucaciswa kokukhulisa
Isimiso: Amandla okukhipha (ukuqina kokushisa/kokupholisa) kwemodyuli ye-TEC, imodyuli yokupholisa ye-thermoelectric, imodyuli ye-thermoelectric ihlotshaniswa ngokuqondile namandla amanje. Uma ihlanganiswe nezinzwa zokushisa ezinembile kakhulu (njengokumelana neplatinum, i-thermocouple) kanye nohlelo lokulawula impendulo ye-PID, amandla okukhipha angalungiswa ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze kufezwe ukulawula izinga lokushisa okunembile.
Izinzuzo: Ukunemba kokulawula izinga lokushisa kungafinyelela ku-±0.1℃, okuphakeme kakhulu kunokwebhavu elivamile loketshezi noma ifriji ye-compressor (±0.5℃). Isibonelo, uma izinga lokushisa eliqondiwe ngesikhathi sesigaba sokufaka i-annealing lingu-58℃, i-TEC module, i-thermoelectric module, i-peltier cooler, i-peltier element ingagcina leli zinga lokushisa lizinzile, igweme ukubopha okungaqondile kwama-primer ngenxa yokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa futhi ithuthukise kakhulu ukucaciswa kokukhulisa.
3. Umklamo omncane: Ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwe-PCR ephathekayo
Isimiso: Umthamo we-TEC module, i-peltier element, idivayisi ye-peltier ungamasentimitha ambalwa kuphela (isibonelo, i-TEC module engu-10×10mm, i-thermoelectric cooling module, i-peltier module ingahlangabezana nezidingo zesampula eyodwa), ayinazo izingxenye ezihambayo zomshini (njenge-piston ye-compressor noma ama-fan blades), futhi ayidingi i-refrigerant.
Izinzuzo: Uma amathuluzi e-PCR endabuko ethembele kuma-compressor ukuze apholise, ivolumu yawo ivame ukuba ngaphezu kuka-50L. Kodwa-ke, amathuluzi e-PCR aphathekayo asebenzisa i-thermoelectric cooling module, i-thermoelectric module, i-peltier module, i-TEC module angancishiswa abe ngaphansi kuka-5L (njengamadivayisi aphathwa ngesandla), okwenza afaneleke ukuhlolwa ensimini (njengokuhlolwa endaweni ngesikhathi sobhubhane), ukuhlolwa kombhede wezokwelapha, nezinye izimo.
4. Ukufana kwezinga lokushisa: Qinisekisa ukuvumelana phakathi kwamasampula ahlukahlukene
Isimiso: Ngokuhlela amasethi amaningi ama-TEC arrays (njenge-96 micro TECs ehambisana nepuleti le-96-well), noma ngokuhlanganiswa namabhulokhi ensimbi abelana ngokushisa (izinto zokushisa eziphezulu), ukuphambuka kwezinga lokushisa okubangelwa umehluko ngamunye kuma-TEC kungavinjelwa.
Izinzuzo: Umehluko wokushisa phakathi kwe-sample Wells ungalawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-±0.3℃, ukugwema umehluko wokusebenza kahle kokukhulisa okubangelwa amazinga okushisa angaguquki phakathi kwe-edge Wells kanye ne-central Wells, nokuqinisekisa ukuqhathaniswa kwemiphumela yesampula (njengokuhambisana kwamanani e-CT ku-real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR).
5. Ukuthembeka kanye nokugcinwa: Nciphisa izindleko zesikhathi eside
Isimiso: I-TEC ayinazo izingxenye ezigugayo, ihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora ayi-100,000, futhi ayidingi ukushintshwa njalo kwama-refrigerant (njenge-Freon kuma-compressor).
Izinzuzo: Isikhathi esimaphakathi sokuphila kwethuluzi le-PCR elipholiswe yi-compressor yendabuko cishe iminyaka emi-5 kuya kwengu-8, kanti uhlelo lwe-TEC lungalunweba lube ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulungiswa kudinga kuphela ukuhlanza isinki yokushisa, okunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokusebenza nokugcinwa kwemishini.
III. Izinselele kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Kwezinhlelo Zokusebenza
Ukupholisa i-semiconductor akuphelele ku-PCR futhi kudinga ukulungiswa okuqondisiwe:
Inkinga yokushabalalisa ukushisa: Uma i-TEC iphola, inani elikhulu lokushisa liyaqongelela ekugcineni kokukhishwa kokushisa (isibonelo, lapho izinga lokushisa lehla kusuka ku-95℃ kuya ku-55℃, umehluko wokushisa ufinyelela ku-40℃, futhi amandla okukhishwa kokushisa ayanda kakhulu). Kuyadingeka ukuyihlanganisa nesistimu yokusabalalisa ukushisa esebenza kahle (njengezinki zokushisa zethusi + abalandeli be-turbine, noma amamojula okupholisa uketshezi), ngaphandle kwalokho kuzoholela ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kahle kokupholisa (kanye nomonakalo wokushisa ngokweqile).
Ukulawulwa kokusetshenziswa kwamandla: Ngaphansi komehluko omkhulu wokushisa, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwe-TEC kuphakeme kakhulu (isibonelo, amandla e-TEC ethuluzi le-PCR elingu-96-well angafinyelela ku-100-200W), futhi kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okungasebenzi kahle ngokusebenzisa ama-algorithms ahlakaniphile (njengokulawulwa kokushisa okubikezelayo).
Iv. Amacala Okusebenza Okusebenzayo
Njengamanje, amathuluzi e-PCR ajwayelekile (ikakhulukazi amathuluzi e-PCR e-fluorescence quantitative e-real-time) ngokuvamile asebenzise ubuchwepheshe bokupholisa be-semiconductor, isibonelo:
Imishini yezinga lelabhorethri: Ithuluzi le-PCR elinokukhanya kwe-fluorescence elingu-96 lomkhiqizo othile, elinokulawula izinga lokushisa le-TEC, elinezinga lokushisa nokupholisa elifika ku-6℃/s, ukunemba kokulawula izinga lokushisa okungu-±0.05℃, futhi lisekela ukutholwa kokuphuma okuphezulu kwe-384-well.
Idivayisi ephathekayo: Ithuluzi elithile le-PCR eliphathwa ngesandla (elinesisindo esingaphansi kuka-1kg), ngokusekelwe kumklamo we-TEC, lingaqedela ukutholakala kwe-coronavirus entsha zingakapheli imizuzu engama-30 futhi lifanelekela izimo zasendaweni ezifana nezikhumulo zezindiza kanye nemiphakathi.
Isifinyezo
Ukupholisa kwe-thermoelectric, ngezinzuzo zako ezintathu eziyinhloko zokusabela okusheshayo, ukunemba okuphezulu kanye nokunciphisa, kuxazulule amaphuzu abalulekile obuhlungu bobuchwepheshe be-PCR maqondana nokusebenza kahle, ukucacisa kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo kwendawo, kwaba ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile bezinsimbi zesimanje ze-PCR (ikakhulukazi amadivayisi asheshayo naphathekayo), kanye nokukhuthaza i-PCR kusukela elabhorethri ukuya emikhakheni ebanzi yokusetshenziswa njengombhede wezokwelapha kanye nokutholwa kwendawo.
I-TES1-15809T200 yomshini we-PCR
Izinga lokushisa eliseceleni elishisayo: 30 C,
Isilinganiso: 9.2A,
Ubukhulu: 18.6V
I-QMax: 99.5 W
Ubukhulu be-Delta T: 67 C
I-ACR：1.7 ±15% Ω （1.53 kuya ku-1.87 Ohm）
Usayizi: 77×16.8×2.8mm
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-13-2025
