Ukupholisa kwe-Peltier (ubuchwepheshe bokupholisa be-thermoelectric obusekelwe kumphumela we-Peltier) sekube obunye bobuchwepheshe obuyinhloko bohlelo lokulawula izinga lokushisa lamathuluzi e-PCR (i-polymerase chain reaction) ngenxa yokusabela kwayo okusheshayo, ukulawulwa okunembile kwezinga lokushisa, nosayizi ohlangene, okunomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kahle, ukunemba, kanye nezimo zokusetshenziswa kwe-PCR. Okulandelayo ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile kanye nezinzuzo zokupholisa i-thermoelectric(i-peltier cooling) kusukela kuzidingo eziyinhloko ze-PCR:
I. Izidingo Eziyinhloko Zokulawula Izinga lokushisa ku-PCR Technology
Inqubo ewumgogodla ye-PCR umjikelezo ophindaphindayo wokushintshashintsha kwe-denaturation (90-95℃), annealing (50-60℃), kanye nesandiso (72℃), onezidingo eziqinile kakhulu zesistimu yokulawula izinga lokushisa.
Ukukhuphuka nokwehla kwezinga lokushisa ngokushesha: Nciphisa isikhathi somjikelezo owodwa (isibonelo, kuthatha imizuzwana embalwa ukwehla ukusuka ku-95℃ ukuya ku-55℃), futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokusabela;
Ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa okunembe kakhulu: Ukuchezuka okungu-±0.5℃ kumazinga okushisa e-anneal kungaholela ekukhuliseni okungaqondile, futhi kufanele kulawulwe phakathi kuka-±0.1℃.
Ukufana kwezinga lokushisa: Uma amasampuli amaningi esabela ngesikhathi esisodwa, umehluko wezinga lokushisa phakathi kwesampula Wells kufanele ube ≤0.5℃ ukuze ugweme ukuchezuka.
Ukuzijwayeza kwe-Miniaturization: I-PCR ephathekayo (njengezimo ze-POCT zokuhlola endaweni) kufanele iminyene ngosayizi futhi ingabi nezingxenye ezigqokwayo.
II. Izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinhloko zokupholisa i-thermoelectric ku-PCR
I-Thermoelectric Cooler TEC, imojula yokupholisa ye-Thermoelectric, imojula ye-peltier ifinyelela "ukushintshashintsha kabili kokushisisa nokupholisa" ngokusebenzisa isimanje esiqondile, esifanelana ngokuphelele nezidingo zokulawula izinga lokushisa ze-PCR. Izicelo zayo eziqondile zibonakala kulezi zici ezilandelayo:
1. Ukukhuphuka nokwehla kwezinga lokushisa ngokushesha: Nciphisa isikhathi sokusabela
Isimiso: Ngokushintsha isiqondiso semojula yamanje, imojula ye-TEC, imojula ye-thermoelectric, idivayisi ye-peltier ingashintsha ngokushesha phakathi "kokushisa" (lapho okwamanje kuya phambili, ukuphela okubamba ukushisa kwemojula ye-TEC, imodyuli ye-peltier iba ukuphela kokukhishwa kokushisa) kanye "nokupholisa" (lapho yamanje ihlehla, i-modebs ekhulula ukushisa ngokuvamile iba isiphetho esinciphisa ukushisa) 1 isekhondi.
Izinzuzo: Izindlela zesiqandisi ezivamile (njengamafeni nama-compressor) zincike ekuqhubeni ukushisa noma ukunyakaza komshini, futhi amazinga okushisa nawokupholisa ngokuvamile angaphansi kuka-2℃/s. Uma i-TEC ihlanganiswe namabhulokhi ensimbi e-thermal conductivity aphezulu (njengethusi ne-aluminium alloy), ingafinyelela izinga lokushisa nokupholisa elingu-5-10℃/s, inciphise isikhathi somjikelezo we-PCR eyodwa ukusuka kumaminithi angu-30 ukuya ngaphansi kwamaminithi angu-10 (njengakumathuluzi e-PCR asheshayo).
2. Ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa okunembayo okuphezulu: Ukuqinisekisa ukucaciswa kwe-amplification
Isimiso: Amandla okukhiphayo (amandla okushisa/okupholisa) wemojula ye-TEC, imojula yokupholisa ye-thermoelectric, imojula ye-thermoelectric ihlotshaniswa ngokuhambisana namandla amanje. Kuhlanganiswe nezinzwa zokushisa ezinembayo eziphezulu (ezifana nokumelana neplatinamu, i-thermocouple) kanye nesistimu yokulawula impendulo ye-PID, okwamanje kungalungiswa ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze kuzuzwe ukulawula izinga lokushisa okunembile.
Izinzuzo: Ukunemba kokulawula izinga lokushisa kungafinyelela ku-±0.1℃, ephakeme kakhulu kunaleyo yokugeza okuwuketshezi yendabuko noma isiqandisi esicindezelayo (±0.5℃). Isibonelo, uma izinga lokushisa eliqondiwe phakathi nesigaba sokukhipha i-anneal lingu-58℃, imojuli ye-TEC, imojula ye-thermoelectric, i-peltier cooler, i-peltier element ingagcina leli zinga lokushisa ngokuzinzile, igweme ukubophezela okungaqondile kweziqalo ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa kanye nokuthuthukisa ngokucacile ukucaciswa kwe-amplification.
3. Idizayini encane: Ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwe-PCR ephathekayo
Isimiso: Ivolumu yemojula ye-TEC, isici se-peltier, idivayisi ye-peltier ingamasentimitha ambalwa kuphela (isibonelo, imojula ye-TEC engu-10 × 10mm, imojula yokupholisa ye-thermoelectric, i-peltier module ingahlangabezana nezidingo zesampula eyodwa), ayinazo izingxenye ezinyakazayo (njenge-piston ye-compressor noma ama-fan blades), futhi ayidingi i-refrigerant.
Izinzuzo: Uma amathuluzi endabuko e-PCR ethembele kuma-compressor ukuze aphole, ivolumu yawo ngokuvamile ingaphezu kuka-50L. Kodwa-ke, amathuluzi aphathwayo e-PCR asebenzisa imojula yokupholisa ye-thermoelectric, imojula ye-thermoelectric, imojula ye-peltier, imojula ye-TEC ingancishiswa ibe ngaphansi kuka-5L (njengamadivayisi aphathwa ngesandla), iwenze afanelekele ukuhlolwa kwendawo (njengokuhlola endaweni ngesikhathi sezifo eziwumshayabhuqe), ukuhlolwa komtholampilo oseceleni kombhede, nezinye izimo.
4. Ukufana kwezinga lokushisa: Qinisekisa ukuvumelana phakathi kwamasampuli ahlukahlukene
Isimiso: Ngokuhlela amasethi amaningi ezinhlaka ze-TEC (njengama-TEC angu-96 amancane ahambisana nepuleti elinomthombo we-96), noma ngokuhambisana namabhulokhi ensimbi yokwabelana ngokushisa (izinto zokusebenzisa ukushisa okuphezulu), ukuchezuka kwezinga lokushisa okubangelwa umehluko ngamunye kuma-TECs kungasuswa.
Izinzuzo: Umehluko wezinga lokushisa phakathi kwesampula Wells ungalawulwa ngaphakathi ±0.3℃, ugweme umehluko wokusebenza kahle kokukhulisa obangelwa amazinga okushisa angahambisani phakathi kwe-Edge Wells ne-Central Wells, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuqhathaniswa kwemiphumela yesampula (njengokuvumelana kwamanani e-CT ku-PCR yesikhathi sangempela se-fluorescence quantitative).
5. Ukwethembeka nokugcinwa: Yehlisa izindleko zesikhathi eside
Isimiso: I-TEC ayinazo izingxenye zokugqokwa, iphila amahora angaphezu kuka-100,000, futhi ayidingi ukushintshwa okujwayelekile kweziqandisi (njenge-Freon in compressors).
Izinzuzo: Isilinganiso sokuphila kwensimbi ye-PCR epholiswe yi-compressor evamile cishe iminyaka emi-5 kuya kweyisi-8, kuyilapho isistimu ye-TEC ingayinweba ibe ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunakekelwa kudinga kuphela ukuhlanza i-sink yokushisa, ukunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokusebenza nokugcinwa kwezinto zokusebenza.
III. Izinselele kanye Nokuthuthukisa Ezinhlelweni
Ukupholisa kweSemiconductor akuphelele ku-PCR futhi kudinga ukulungiselelwa okuqondisiwe:
Ibhodlela lokukhipha ukushisa: Uma i-TEC ipholisa, inani elikhulu lokushisa linqwabelana ekugcineni kokukhishwa kokushisa (isibonelo, lapho izinga lokushisa lehla lisuka ku-95℃ liye ku-55℃, umehluko wezinga lokushisa ufinyelela ku-40℃, futhi amandla okukhipha ukushisa akhuphuka kakhulu). Kudingekile ukuyibhanqa nesistimu esebenza kahle yokukhipha ukushisa (njengamasinki okushisa ethusi + abalandeli be-turbine, noma amamojula okupholisa uketshezi), ngaphandle kwalokho kuzoholela ekwehleni kokusebenza kahle kokupholisa (ngisho nomonakalo wokushisa ngokweqile).
Ukulawulwa kokusetshenziswa kwamandla: Ngaphansi komehluko omkhulu wezinga lokushisa, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwe-TEC kuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa (isibonelo, amandla e-TEC wensimbi ye-PCR engu-96-well angafinyelela ku-100-200W), futhi kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okungasebenzi ngama-algorithms ahlakaniphile (njengokulawula izinga lokushisa okubikezelayo).
Iv. Amacala Okusebenza Awusizo
Okwamanje, amathuluzi e-PCR ajwayelekile (ikakhulukazi amathuluzi e-PCR esikhathi sangempela we-fluorescence quantitative) ngokuvamile asebenzise ubuchwepheshe bokupholisa be-semiconductor, isibonelo:
Amathuluzi ebanga laselabhorethri: Ithuluzi le-PCR le-fluorescence le-96-well fluorescence quantitative yohlobo oluthile, eliqukethe ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kwe-TEC, enezinga lokushisa elifinyelela ku-6℃/s, ukulawula okunembayo okungu-±0.05℃, nokusekela ukutholwa kokusebenza okuphezulu okungu-384.
Idivayisi ephathekayo: Ithuluzi elithile le-PCR eliphathwayo (elinesisindo esingaphansi kuka-1kg), ngokususelwe ekwakhiweni kwe-TEC, lingaqedela ukutholwa kwe-coronavirus yenoveli phakathi nemizuzu engama-30 futhi lilungele izimo zasendaweni njengezikhumulo zezindiza nemiphakathi.
Isifinyezo
Ukupholisa kwe-Thermoelectric, okunezinzuzo zako ezintathu eziyinhloko zokusabela okusheshayo, ukunemba okuphezulu kanye nokwenza kancane, kuxazulule amaphuzu obuhlungu abalulekile wobuchwepheshe be-PCR mayelana nokusebenza kahle, ukucaciswa nokuguquguquka kwesigcawu, kube ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile bamathuluzi esimanje e-PCR (ikakhulukazi amadivaysi asheshayo naphathwayo), kanye nokuphromotha i-PCR kusukela elabhorethri kuya ezinkambini zezicelo ezibanzi ezifana nokutholwa kombhede kanye nendawo yomtholampilo.
I-TES1-15809T200 yomshini we-PCR
Izinga lokushisa ohlangothini olushisayo: 30 C,
Isilinganiso: 9.2A,
Ubukhulu: 18.6V
Ubukhulu: 99.5 W
Ubukhulu be-Delta T: 67 C
I-ACR:1.7 ±15% Ω (1.53 kuya ku-1.87 Ohm)
Usayizi: 77×16.8×2.8mm
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-13-2025
